人类杏仁核与情感调节的研究进展

目的 探讨杏仁核与人类情感调节之间的关系。方法 在 Pubmed 及CNKI 数据库系统分别以“amygdala, emotion control”和“杏仁核、情感调节”为关键词查阅1999年9月—2014年9月有关杏仁核与情感调节的相关文献,进行分析总结。结果 动物实验研究显示,杏仁核是恐惧形成和表达的关键中枢,是情感调节的基础,杏仁核可能通过递质释放达到调节情感的作用。人类的杏仁核是大脑边缘系统的一部分,附着在海马的末端,与人脑各部分间形成广泛的联系。在伴随情感变化的疾病中,杏仁核的组织结构和功能发生变化,参与人类情感的调节。临床上可以通过调节杏仁核的功能影响情感的调节,指导相关疾病的治疗。结论 人类杏仁核是大脑边缘系统的重要组成部分,在人类的情感调节过程中发挥着重要作用。对杏仁核的功能的深入了解,可为临床疾病的诊断和治疗提供可靠理论基础。     

在本科实习护生中开展护理情感教育的实践

目的探讨本科实习护生护理情感教育的实践方法。方法在2003级本科护生进临床实习前,对临床带教老师进行培训,采用护士职业态度量表对临床实习结束后2002级和2003级护生进行问卷调查。结果临床实习结束后,试验组（2003级）的职业态度比对照组（2002级）趋于积极,差异具有统计学意义（t=-2．077,P〈0．05）。结论实习护生对护理工作的情感是可以培养的。临床实习阶段是培养护理本科生职业态度的重要阶段,充分发挥临床带教老师对护生护理情感培养的作用,能促进护生对护理工作的积极情感。     

Atypical autonomic regulation,auditory processing,and affect recognition in women with HIV

This study examined the effect of HIV on visceromotor (i.e., heart rate and heart rate variability) and somatomotor (i.e., auditory processing and affect recognition) components of a Social Engagement System defined by the Polyvagal Theory (Porges, 1995) that links vagal regulation of the heart with brainstem regulation of the striated muscles of the face and head. Relative to at risk HIV-seronegative women, HIV-seropositive women had less heart rate variability (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia) and had poorer performance on auditory processing and affect recognition tasks. CD4 was negatively correlated with the accuracy to detect specific emotions. The observed indices of atypical autonomic and behavioral regulation may contribute to greater difficulties in social behavior and social communication between HIV-infected women and other individuals in their social network.     

全麻腹部手术对呼吸的影响和护理对策

通过对50例全麻上、下腹部手术患者术后呼吸指标和临床症状的观察、比较、分析，发现二组在动脉二氧化碳分压、氧饱和度、肺活量方面存在显著差异，在胸闷、气促、呕吐、呃逆症状程度量化比较上存在明显差异。上腹部手术更易对呼吸造成不良影响，主要影响因素有膈肌的刺激、切口疼痛、神经反射刺激、肺动脉压增高等。并对此制定出有效的护理措施，减少了肺部并发症。     

One Meaning for Two Persons: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis of Meaning in Life,Anxiety, and Depression Among Rehabilitation Patients and Caregivers

ObjectivePatients and caregivers in the inpatient physical rehabilitation setting are presented with life-changing medical conditions, and their meaning in life can change dramatically. Meaning in life is associated with fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms, but little is known about how they are related interdependently among patients and caregivers. In the current study, we aim to explore their dyadic relationships.DesignActor-partner interdependence model through structural equation modeling for dyadic analyses.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 160 pairs of patients and caregivers recruited from 6 inpatient rehabilitation hospitals in China.MethodsCross-sectional surveys were conducted among pairs of rehabilitation patients and caregivers. The presence of and search for meaning were measured with the Meaning in Life Questionnaire.ResultsIn 2 separate models, we found that patients' presence of meaning was negatively associated with their own depression (β = −0.61, P < .001) and anxiety (β = −0.55, P < .001), as well as their caregivers' depression (β = −0.32, P < .001) and anxiety (β = −0.31, P < .001). However, the caregivers’ presence of meaning was only negatively associated with their own depression (β = −0.25, P < .05) and anxiety (β = −0.21, P < .05). A search for meaning was not significantly associated with depression or anxiety.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe results indicate that the anxiety and depressive symptoms of rehabilitation inpatients and caregivers are associated with their own level of presence of meaning. Caregivers' depression and anxiety are interdependently associated with patients' presence of meaning. Clinicians should take dyadic interdependence into consideration when providing psychological services to rehabilitate patients and their caregivers. Meaning-centered interventions can be helpful for the dyads’ meaning-making and mental health.     

Do sex hormones influence emotional modulation of pain and nociception in healthy women?

Sex hormones may contribute to inter- and intra-individual differences in pain by influencing emotional modulation of pain and nociception. To study this, a well-validated picture-viewing paradigm was used to assess emotional modulation of pain and the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR; physiologic measure of nociception) during mid-follicular, ovulatory, and late-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in healthy normally cycling women (n = 40). Salivary estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were assessed at each testing session. Emotional modulation of pain/NFR did not differ across menstrual phases, but low estradiol was associated with weaker emotional modulation of NFR (during all phases) and emotional modulation of pain (ovulatory and late-luteal phases). Given evidence that a failure to emotionally modulate pain might be a risk factor for chronic pain, low estradiol may promote chronic pain via this mechanism. However, future research is needed to extend these findings to women with disturbances of pain, emotion, and/or sex hormones.